What condition is arterial gas embolism (AGE) primarily caused by?

Arterial gas embolism (AGE) primarily results from the presence of air bubbles in the arterial bloodstream, which can occur when excess air pressure within the lungs is not properly managed. When a diver ascends too quickly or holds their breath during ascent, the increased external pressure can cause gas, usually nitrogen, to form bubbles in the bloodstream. This can happen because the lungs cannot fully expel all the breathing gas due to sudden changes in pressure. When these gas bubbles enter the arterial system, they can obstruct blood flow and cause serious complications.

Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of adhering to proper ascent rates and ensuring that divers do not hold their breath while ascending, as these practices help prevent the overexpansion of gases in the lungs and the resulting risk of AGE.