What are the primary physiological effects of diving on the human body?

The primary physiological effects of diving on the human body are best captured by the concept that increased pressure affects gas solubility. As a diver descends underwater, the surrounding water pressure increases, which influences how gases behave in the body. This heightened pressure leads to a greater solubility of gases in the blood and tissues.

One critical implication of this phenomenon is the risk of nitrogen narcosis, which occurs when excess nitrogen dissolved in the bloodstream begins to affect the central nervous system, leading to impaired cognitive function and motor skills. Additionally, when divers ascend too quickly after being exposed to increased pressure, nitrogen that has been absorbed can come out of solution, forming bubbles in the tissues and blood. This condition is known as decompression sickness, commonly referred to as "the bends," which can have serious medical consequences.

Understanding the effects of pressure on gas solubility is crucial for divers, as it underscores the importance of proper ascent rates and adherence to diving tables or computer protocols to prevent such dangerous conditions.